Indian Polity Question Answer : Indian Polity is one of the most important subjects for competitive exams like SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railways, and State PCS. It helps you understand the structure, functioning, and principles of the Indian political system. This post provides a clear and concise overview of key topics such as the Constitution, fundamental rights, duties, Parliament, judiciary, and governance.
What is Indian Polity?
Indian Polity deals with the political system of India, including the Constitution, central and state governments, rights of citizens, and the functioning of democratic institutions. It forms the backbone of governance and ensures law, order, and justice in the country.
The foundation of Indian Polity lies in the Constitution of India, which came into effect on January 26, 1950. Making India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
Constitution of India
The Constitution is the supreme law of India. It defines the structure of government, powers of institutions, and rights and duties of citizens.
- Longest written constitution in the world
- Federal system with a unitary bias
- Parliamentary form of government
- Fundamental Rights and Duties
- Independent Judiciary
What is Fundamental Rights?
Fundamental Rights are essential for the development of individuals and democracy. They are guaranteed by the Constitution and protect citizens from arbitrary actions.
Types of Fundamental Rights–
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
What is Fundamental Duties?
- Fundamental Duties remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation.
- Respect the Constitution and national symbols
- Promote harmony and unity
- Protect public property
- Safeguard the environment
100 Polity Question Answer in English
The Making of the Constitution –
Q. 1 Who was the interim President of the Constituent Assembly? – Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha.
Q. 2 Who was the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly? – Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Q. 3 When was the Indian Constitution adopted? – 26 November 1949.
Q. 4 When did the Indian Constitution come into force? – 26 January 1950.
Q. 5 Who is known as the ‘Chief Architect’ of the Indian Constitution? – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Q. 6 Who was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly? – B.N. Rau.
Q. 7 How many articles and schedules were there originally? – 395 Articles and 8 Schedules.
Q. 8 From which country was the ‘Preamble’ borrowed? – USA.
Q. 9 The ‘Concurrent List’ was borrowed from which Constitution? – Australia.
Q. 10 The ‘Procedure established by Law’ was taken from? – Japan.
Q. 11 Which Part of the Constitution is called the ‘Magna Carta’ of India? – Part III (Fundamental Rights).
Q.12 The word ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were added by which amendment? – 42nd Amendment (1976).
Fundamental Rights & Duties –
Q. 13 Which Article guarantees the ‘Right to Equality’? – Article 14.
Q. 14 Article 17 deals with what? – Abolition of Untouchability.
Q. 15 Which Article is known as the ‘Protector of the Constitution’? – Article 32.
Q. 16 How many types of Writs can the Supreme Court issue? – Five (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto, Certiorari).
Q. 17 Which Fundamental Right was removed by the 44th Amendment? – Right to Property.
Q. 18 Fundamental Duties were added on the recommendation of which committee? – Swaran Singh Committee.
Q. 19 How many Fundamental Duties are there currently? – 11.
Q. 20 Under which Article are Fundamental Duties listed? – Article 51A.
Q. 21 Which Article prohibits Child Labour? – Article 24.
Q. 22 The ‘Right to Education’ is under which Article? – Article 21A.
Q. 23 Which Article allows the formation of Cooperative Societies? – Article 19.
President & Vice-President–
Q. 24 Who is the First Citizen of India? – The President.
Q. 25 What is the minimum age to become the President? – 35 years.
Q. 26 Who administers the oath to the President? – Chief Justice of India.
Q. 27 What is the tenure of the President? – 5 years.
Q. 28 Under which Article can the President be impeached? – Article 61.
Q. 29 Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces? – The President.
Q. 30 Which Article gives ‘Pardoning Power’ to the President? – Article 72.
Q. 31 Who acts as President if both the President and VP are unavailable? – Chief Justice of India.
Q. 32 Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha? – Vice-President.
Q. 33 Who can dissolve the Lok Sabha? – The President (on the advice of the PM).
Q. 34 How many members are nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha? – 12.
Parliament & Prime Minister-
Q. 35 Who is the real executive head of the Indian government? – The Prime Minister.
Q. 36 What is the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha? – 550.
Q. 37 What is the maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha? – 250.
Q. 38 Which house is called the ‘Permanent House’? – Rajya Sabha.
Q. 39 What is the ‘Quorum’ required to hold a meeting in Parliament? – 1/10th of total members.
Q. 40 Who presides over a ‘Joint Sitting’ of Parliament? – Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Q. 41 Who decides whether a bill is a ‘Money Bill’? – Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Q. 42 Under which Article is the ‘Joint Sitting’ mentioned? – Article 108.
Q. 43 What is the retirement age of a Rajya Sabha member? – They don’t retire, but 1/3rd retire every 2nd year.
Q. 44 What is ‘Zero Hour’ in Parliament? – The time immediately following Question Hour.
Q. 45 Who was the first Prime Minister to resign without completing the term? – Morarji Desai.
Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies-
Q. 46 What is the retirement age of a Supreme Court Judge? – 65 years.
Q. 47 What is the retirement age of a High Court Judge? – 62 years.
Q. 48 Which is the oldest High Court in India? – Calcutta High Court.
Q. 49 Who appoints the Judges of the High Court? – The President.
Q. 50 Under which Article is the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) appointed? – Article 148.
Q. 51 Who is known as the ‘Friend, Philosopher, and Guide’ of the Public Accounts Committee? – CAG.
Q. 52 The Attorney General of India is appointed under which Article? – Article 76.
Q. 53 Who is the highest legal officer of the Union Government? – Attorney General.
Q. 54 Which body conducts elections for the President and Vice-President? – Election Commission of India.
Q. 55 The Finance Commission is constituted under which Article? – Article 280.
Q. 56 Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner? – The President.
Q. 57 UPSC members have a tenure of how many years? – 6 years or up to 65 years of age.
State Government & Panchayati Raj-
Q. 58 Who is the executive head of the State? – The Governor.
Q. 59 Who appoints the Chief Minister? – The Governor.
Q. 60 Which Article deals with the ‘State Emergency’ (President’s Rule)? – Article 356.
Q. 61 The 73rd Constitutional Amendment is related to? – Panchayati Raj.
Q. 62 The 74th Constitutional Amendment is related to? – Municipalities.
Q. 63 What is the minimum age to be a member of the Legislative Council (MLC)? – 30 years.
Q. 64 Under which schedule is the list of 22 languages mentioned? – 8th Schedule.
Q. 65 Which state was the first to be formed on a linguistic basis? – Andhra Pradesh (1953).
Q. 66 What is the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj? – Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad.
Q. 67 Balwant Rai Mehta Committee is associated with? – Panchayati Raj.
Articles & Amendments-
Q.68 Article 360 is related to? – Financial Emergency.
Q. 69 Article 368 is related to? – Amendment Procedure of the Constitution.
Q. 70 Article 370 was related to? – Special status of Jammu & Kashmir (Abrogated).
Q. 71 Which Article deals with the ‘Uniform Civil Code’? – Article 44.
Q. 72 Article 21 deals with? – Protection of Life and Personal Liberty.
Q. 73 Which amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18? – 61st Amendment.
Q. 74 The ‘Anti-Defection Law’ is in which schedule? – 10th Schedule.
Q. 75 The 101st Amendment is related to? – GST.
Q. 76 Which Article empowers Parliament to create new states? – Article 3.
Q. 77 Article 110 defines what? – Money Bill.
Q. 78 What is Article 1 of the Constitution? – India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
Q. 79 Article 243 deals with? – Panchayats.
Miscellaneous–
Q. 80 Who was the first woman Chief Minister in India? – Sucheta Kripalani.
Q. 81 Who was the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha? – Meira Kumar.
Q. 82 The concept of ‘PIL’ (Public Interest Litigation) was started by? – Justice P.N. Bhagwati.
Q. 83 Where is the headquarters of the Election Commission? – New Delhi.
Q. 84 Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner? – Sukumar Sen.
Q. 85 What is the tenure of a Governor? – 5 years (serves during the pleasure of the President).
Q. 86 Can the Governor be a member of Parliament? – No.
Q. 87 The ‘Pocket Veto’ was used for the first time by which President? – Giani Zail Singh.
Q. 88 National Emergency (Article 352) has been declared how many times? – 3 times (1962, 1971, 1975).
Q. 89 Who chooses the Pro-tem Speaker? – The President.
Q. 90 The maximum period for which the President’s Rule can be extended is? – 3 years.
Q. 91 What is the ‘Separation of Judiciary from Executive’ Article? – Article 50.
Q. 92 Which Article deals with ‘Official Language’? – Article 343.
Q. 93 Which Part deals with ‘Emergency Provisions’? – Part XVIII.
Q. 94 The ‘State Reorganisation Act’ was passed in? – 1956.
Q. 95 Who was the first Vice-President of India? – Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
Q. 96 ‘Right to Information’ (RTI) was passed in which year? – 2005.
Q. 97 Sarkaria Commission was set up to review? – Centre-State relations.
Q. 98 Which high court has jurisdiction over the largest number of states? – Guwahati High Court.
Q. 99 Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the National Development Council? – Prime Minister.
Q. 100 The ‘Council of Ministers’ is collectively responsible to? – Lok Sabha.
